There are a number of kinds of combining forms, each classified by what kind of word results when the form is used. English uses very few infixes, but a couple examples are the plural-making s in words like cupsful and passersby, and various swear words, like damn in informal constructions like guaran-damn-tee.Ī combining form is a form of a word that only appears as part of another word. Infixes are inserted into a word or word base. Examples are in- in informal and both re- and -ing in reporting.Ī third kind of affix is called an infix. That is, they are word parts that attach to the beginning or end of a word or word base (a word stripped down to its simplest form) to produce a related word or an inflectional form of a word. Prefixes and suffixes are both kinds of affixes. Decipher the meaning of a word (e.g., abduct or, abduc tees).What are prefixes, suffixes, and combining forms?.Improve your spelling by breaking a word down into prefixes and suffixes and tackling the parts one at a time (e.g., un-ful-fill-ment).In the entry on affixes, we talk about how you can use your understanding of prefixes and suffixes to: There are other benefits to suffixes too. (Reason 3) Improve your spelling and vocabulary. Our gerund ( developing) saves us two words, and the text flows better.) ( Developing the plan is a more succinct way of saying the development of the plan. He wants to discuss developing the plan.(Here, the gerund knowing is a more succinct way of saying to know or knowledge of.) (Reason 2) Use gerunds to create more succinct texts. (Here, we have two simultaneous actions in each sentence: knowing while understanding and then knowing while appreciating.) Know ing grass, I can appreciate persistence. Know ing trees, I understand the meaning of patience.(Here, we have two simultaneous actions: smiling while flashing.) Smil ing wryly, he flashed a cheeky wink.Using present participles to convey two other actions alongside raised is not only efficient in terms of word count but also highlights the simultaneity of the actions.) (In this sentence, Jack did three things (believed, raised, and exposed). Believ ing he'd been spotted, Jack raised his arms, expos ing the explosive belt.(Reason 1) Use present participles to say two (or more) things at once. The third reason to care about suffixes relates to improving vocabulary and spelling. So, with present participles and gerunds in mind, here are two reasons to care about suffixes. (As they both end - ing, present participles and gerunds look the same, but present participles are usually adjectives (e.g., I need baking powder) while gerunds are nouns (e.g., I like baking cakes). Put simply, using a present participle will allow you to convey two ideas at once, and using a gerund can reduce your word count. The - ing suffix is used to form present participles and gerunds, both of which are commonly used to create shorter, better-flowing texts. For example, once you know the root word pay, then pay able, pay ee, pay er, pay ing, and pay ment all come "free." This is particularly useful if you're learning English.įrom the perspective of improving your writing, the most useful suffix is - ing. Learning suffixes is a good way to expand your vocabulary. Verb form (present participle and gerund) Here is a list of common suffixes with some examples:
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